Caravan driving licences in Türkiye: B, BE and mass limits
Turkish caravan licence rules explained: the 750 kg trailer rule, conditional 4,250 kg entitlement, BE and the towing vehicle’s technical limits.
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Homologation Blog
Current guidance on homologation and type-approval processes.
Explore technical articles on type approval, homologation, automotive legislation, GSR II, UNECE regulations, eCoC, COP and developments relevant to vehicle manufacturers.
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Start with the guide for your task, from manufacturer approval to document checks before buying.
O1 and O2 caravan type approval: process and documents
Plan caravan type approval with design review, technical files, testing, conformity of production and CoC preparation. Discuss your project with Anemon.
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O1 caravan registration in Türkiye: 2025 and 2035 rules
Check the Turkish O1 registration rules for 1 January 2025, 1 July 2025 and 1 January 2035, including production dates, CoC and ARTES conditions.
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O1 caravan documents in Türkiye: a registration checklist
Buying an O1 caravan in Türkiye? Compare VIN, type approval, CoC and registration records, and prepare the vehicle-specific documents before applying.
Read the guideTechnical guides for manufacturer applications
Start with approval, safety systems, registration data or service preparation.
What Is Homologation? Type Approval, Tests and Responsibilities
Understand vehicle homologation, approval roles and EU, UN and Turkish requirements. Plan the technical evidence and application scope for your project.
What Is ISA? Vehicle Requirements and Speed-Limit Warnings
How Intelligent Speed Assistance works, EU vehicle coverage and incorrect limit warnings. Review Turkish and later-stage vehicle approval requirements.
What Is ARTES? Manufacturer Setup, Dealer Module and Vehicle Data
Official Turkish ARTES access, manufacturer preparation, CoC data checks and training. Distinguish type approval, data entry and vehicle registration.
COP: Conformity of Production Preparation and Assessment
Prepare production controls, traceability and change records linked to your type approval. Review evidence gaps and assessment readiness with Anemon.
Series Modification Approval in Türkiye: Scope and Technical File
Define the base vehicle, affected systems, technical evidence and production arrangements for repeated conversions under the Turkish approval process.
ATP Certification: Equipment Scope, Assessment and Application
Review insulated body, refrigeration unit, test evidence and existing certification together. Prepare the equipment file and assessment scope with Anemon.
Safety requirements and purchase decisions
Review GSR II scope or check the technical records before buying a caravan.
What Is GSR II? Vehicle Scope, Safety Systems and Type Approval
Assess GSR II by vehicle category, target market and approval stage. Plan the technical evidence for bodywork and vehicle conversion projects.
Buying a Touring Caravan: 8 Technical Questions to Ask
Check the CoC, VIN, actual mass, towing compatibility, brakes and registration records before buying a caravan, with a separate guide to Turkish paperwork.
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Type approval
Type-approval procedures, approval scope and technical preparation for vehicle and component manufacturers.
16 articles What Is Homologation? Type Approval, Tests and ResponsibilitiesGuidance that brings together the technical, regulatory and approval aspects of homologation.
2 min What Is GSR II? Vehicle Scope, Safety Systems and Type ApprovalHow new safety requirements affect vehicle projects, series modifications and testing programmes.
2 min UNECE regulationsUNECE regulations, including R155 and R159, and the associated technical compliance requirements.
17 articles COP: Conformity of Production Preparation and AssessmentPractical technical guidance on conformity of production, consistent quality and audit readiness.
2 min eCoCElectronic certificates of conformity, digital data flows and EU-market compliance.
4 articles Caravans and trailersArticles on classification, registration and type approval for caravans, trailers and light trailers.
14 articles Automotive LegislationHow changes in Turkish and EU legislation affect manufacturers, bodybuilders and vehicle projects.
13 articles
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Recently Published
The latest articles added to the Homologation Blog.
Regulation GuidesEC 595/2009: Euro VI emissions and OBD for heavy vehicles
For heavy-duty powertrain teams, this PDF puts Euro VI emissions, on-board diagnostics and in-service conformity in one working reference.
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Regulation GuidesEC 715/2007: light-duty Euro 5 and Euro 6 emissions
Light-duty emissions engineers can use this English PDF to review both the emissions framework and its provisions on vehicle repair and maintenance information.
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Regulation GuidesEU 2021/535: vehicle construction and approval information
For whole-vehicle engineers preparing an approval file, this PDF brings construction requirements and approval information into the same engineering discussion.
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Regulation GuidesEU 2024/2220: event data recorders for heavy vehicles
Developing an event data recorder for a heavy vehicle? This 14-page PDF pairs the vehicle scope with the approval requirements and RegsUP commentary.
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Regulation GuidesUN R67: LPG fuel-system equipment and vehicle installation
For LPG equipment manufacturers and vehicle conversion engineers, this PDF connects the component specification discussion with installation on the vehicle.
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Regulation GuidesDirective 2005/64/EC on vehicle reuse, recycling and recovery
A vehicle materials review raises separate questions about parts that can be reused, materials that can be recycled and the manufacturer assessment. RegsUP brings these topics together in a 36-page English PDF.
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Regulation GuidesDirective 2006/40/EC on mobile air conditioning, refrigerants and leakage
Choosing a refrigerant for a vehicle air-conditioning system can raise a second question about leakage provisions. The 19-page English RegsUP PDF brings both into the climate engineer’s design review.
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Regulation GuidesUN R109 commercial vehicle tyre retreading and performance tests
For commercial tyre retreaders, the R109 publication connects production requirements with performance testing of the finished tyre. The English RegsUP PDF runs to 70 pages.
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Regulation GuidesEU 2022/545 event data recorders for M1 and N1 vehicles
An event data recorder (EDR) review starts with the vehicle category. The 16-page English RegsUP PDF focuses on the recorder and approval requirements for M1 and N1 vehicles.
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Regulation GuidesEU 2022/1426 automated driving system safety management and testing
Automated driving developers bring system requirements, safety management and test questions to the same review. RegsUP combines the provisions and commentary in a 145-page English PDF.
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Regulation GuidesUN R105 vehicle construction and electrical equipment for dangerous goods transport
When reviewing a tanker project, body construction and electrical equipment often reach different desks. The RegsUP R105 PDF brings both subjects together for manufacturers and approval specialists.
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Regulation GuidesUN R108 retreaded tyres, production requirements and performance tests
For retreading teams reviewing production controls and performance testing, the 65-page English RegsUP R108 PDF puts both subjects in one working reference.
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Regulation GuidesUN R112 filament and LED headlamps and photometric performance
Choosing a light source and assessing optical performance raise different design questions. For headlamp manufacturers, the 91-page English RegsUP R112 PDF covers both.
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Regulation GuidesUN R116 vehicle alarms, immobilizers and anti-theft protection
For teams working on alarms or immobilizers, the 82-page English RegsUP R116 PDF brings protection against unauthorised use into one annotated reference.
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Regulation GuidesUN R12 steering mechanism impact and driver protection
Steering-column and occupant-safety teams can consult the R12 provisions and commentary together in a 123-page English RegsUP PDF about impact assessment and driver protection.
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Regulation GuidesUN R11: Door latches and hinges — annotated PDF
Review door latches, hinges and retention tests in one reference. The 47-page English RegsUP R11 PDF is intended for door-system engineers and vehicle body suppliers.
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Regulation GuidesUN R110: CNG and LNG vehicle systems — RegsUP PDF
Read CNG/LNG equipment and vehicle installation together with the R110 text and commentary. This 255-page English PDF supports gas-fuel vehicle and component teams.
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Regulation GuidesUN R117: Tyre noise, wet grip and rolling resistance PDF
Review rolling sound, wet grip and rolling resistance in one reference. The 355-page English RegsUP R117 PDF is intended for tyre development and vehicle-efficiency teams.
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Regulation GuidesEU 540/2014: Vehicle noise and AVAS — annotated PDF
Review vehicle sound levels, replacement silencing systems and AVAS together. This 111-page English RegsUP PDF is a reference for acoustics and homologation teams.
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Regulation GuidesUN R114: Replacement airbag systems — RegsUP PDF
Get the annotated R114 reference for replacement airbags, steering-wheel applications and test requirements. This 49-page English PDF is intended for suppliers and aftermarket safety teams.
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Regulation GuidesEU 2021/1958: A RegsUP PDF for intelligent speed assistance
Bring speed-limit information and driver feedback into the same ISA review. This 194-page English RegsUP PDF combines the text and explanations for system development and vehicle integration teams.
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Regulation GuidesUN R102: A RegsUP PDF for close-coupling devices
Review the coupling device alongside the vehicle combination. RegsUP R102 is a 32-page English PDF with explanations for coupling-system manufacturers and integration engineers.
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Regulation GuidesUN R106: A RegsUP PDF for agricultural and forestry tyres
Working on agricultural or forestry tyres? Read R106 alongside RegsUP explanations in a 127-page English PDF for your tyre and vehicle project records.
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Regulation GuidesUN R118: A RegsUP PDF for bus material flammability
Review bus interior materials, material testing and burning-rate topics in one annotated reference. RegsUP R118 is a 71-page English PDF for material suppliers and fire-safety specialists.
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Regulation GuidesUN R121: A RegsUP PDF for controls and indicators
Read R121 with explanations for vehicle controls, tell-tales and identification symbols. This 36-page English RegsUP PDF is a reference for HMI and instrument-cluster teams.
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Regulation GuidesUN R89: RegsUP PDF for speed limitation systems
Review speed limitation devices, vehicle integration and testing topics in one file. The 48-page English RegsUP R89 PDF is intended for commercial-vehicle teams and system suppliers.
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Regulation GuidesUN R90: RegsUP PDF for replacement brake components
Get the R90 text with RegsUP explanations for brake lining, disc and drum work. This 175-page English PDF is aimed at brake component manufacturers and aftermarket product teams.
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Regulation GuidesUN R104: RegsUP PDF for reflective vehicle markings
Work with the R104 text and explanations for reflective marking materials and photometric topics. The 36-page English RegsUP PDF is intended for marking suppliers and commercial-vehicle bodybuilders.
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Regulation GuidesUN R119: RegsUP PDF for cornering lamps
Get the RegsUP R119 PDF covering cornering lamps, light intensity and test procedures. This 38-page English file is a focused reference for lighting suppliers and vehicle lighting teams.
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Regulation GuidesUN R125: RegsUP PDF for driver forward vision
Use the R125 text with RegsUP explanations in vehicle packaging and driver-vision work. Forward field of vision, vision assessment and vehicle reference points are the focus of this 55-page English PDF.
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Regulation GuidesEU 2018/858: RegsUP PDF for your approval file
Work with the vehicle approval framework, manufacturer responsibilities and conformity of production alongside RegsUP guidance.
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Regulation GuidesEU 2019/2144: RegsUP PDF for GSR requirements
Map the GSR framework to vehicle categories, safety systems and approval stages with this English RegsUP edition.
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Regulation GuidesUN R100: Battery and electric vehicle safety PDF
Use the RegsUP 05-series PDF for REESS, electric powertrain and vehicle integration reviews.
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Regulation GuidesUN R155: RegsUP PDF for cybersecurity and CSMS
Review vehicle-type cybersecurity evidence alongside CSMS processes with the English 00/S3 edition.
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Regulation GuidesUN R156: Software updates and SUMS PDF
Connect software releases to vehicle approval work with the English RegsUP 01-series edition of UN R156.
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Regulation GuidesEU 2015/758: RegsUP PDF for an eCall approval file
Review the call chain, data protection and vehicle integration of a 112-based eCall system.
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Regulation GuidesEU 2021/1243: PDF for alcohol-interlock installation
Review vehicle interfaces, installation documentation and manufacturer information in one regulatory context.
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Regulation GuidesEU 2021/1341: RegsUP PDF for DDAW validation
Connect the drowsiness-warning function with manufacturer validation and the technical dossier.
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Regulation GuidesEU 2021/646: RegsUP PDF for emergency lane keeping
Review lane-departure warning and corrective directional control within the same ELKS assessment.
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Regulation GuidesEU 2023/2590: RegsUP PDF for ADDW assessment
Review prolonged visual distraction alongside warning strategy and the technical test dossier.
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Regulation GuidesEU 2020/683: RegsUP PDF for type approval and CoC
EU 2020/683 regulatory text, relevant annexes and RegsUP guidance in one PDF. Explore the English edition dated 1 January 2024 and buy it in the store.
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Regulation GuidesUN R30: RegsUP PDF for tyre type approval
Review tyre dimensions, sidewall markings and performance tests with one defined reference.
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Regulation GuidesUN R13: RegsUP PDF for heavy-vehicle braking
Bring braking performance, pneumatic systems and vehicle stability into the same technical review.
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Regulation GuidesUN R107: RegsUP PDF for bus construction and access
Review bus layout, passenger doors and emergency exits within the same regulatory framework.
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Regulation GuidesUN R10: RegsUP PDF for vehicle EMC work
Review vehicle, electronic subassembly and charging configurations within the EMC framework.
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eCoC and Digital Conformity
eCoC Requirements for EU and UK Manufacturers
Check eCoC scope, EU and UK approval routes, small-series distinctions and the evidence manufacturers need before NAP or VCA submission.
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eCoC and Digital Conformity
Multi-stage eCoC for Bodybuilders and Motorhome Manufacturers
Plan multi-stage eCoC handovers for bodybuilders and motorhome manufacturers: previous-stage data, changed fields, responsibilities and EU/UK checks.
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eCoC and Digital Conformity
eCoC Signatures, Seals and Cloud Signing for Manufacturers
Compare eCoC signatures and seals, plan cloud signing, verify XML profiles and build an evidence checklist for EU NAP and UK VCA acceptance.
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eCoC and Digital Conformity
Choosing eCoC Software: Cost, Integration and Demo Checklist
Evaluate eCoC software using a real vehicle, a weighted demo scorecard, ERP/API checks and a total-cost model for EU and UK manufacturer workflows.
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eCoC and Digital Conformity
eCoC Corrections: Rejections, IVI Versions and Resubmission
Resolve eCoC rejections and accepted-record corrections with a VIN-based workflow, IVI version checks, retry controls and EU NAP/UK VCA evidence.
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eCoC and Digital Conformity
eCoC Submission Through EUCARIS and NAP: The End-to-End Manufacturer Process
Follow the full eCoC process from IVI creation and signing to EUCARIS/NAP or VCA submission, responses, rejection, correction and resubmission.
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eCoC and Digital Conformity
What Is IVI 2.0 XML? A Guide to Preparing and Validating eCoC Data
Understand IVI 2.0 XML, eCoC data sources, XSD and business-rule validation, type-variant-version matching and integration options.
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eCoC and Digital Conformity
eCoC Mandate on 29 November 2026: Manufacturer Readiness Guide
Prepare for the 29 November 2026 eCoC transition: scope, IVI 2.0 data, NAP and VCA submission, digital signatures, validation and rollout planning.
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Trailer Regulations
Additional Period for the Sale and Registration of Category O Vehicles
The amendment of 22 August 2026 adds 12 months for complete and 18 months for incomplete Category O vehicles that meet the specified conditions.
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eCoC
What Is an Electronic Certificate of Conformity (eCoC) and How Is It Created?
The eCoC is the digital certificate of conformity for vehicle manufacturers. Before a vehicle can be placed on the European automotive market, it must…
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GSR II and UNECE
GSR II Transition under National Legislation: 1 October 2025
The GSR II transition under national legislation begins on 1 October 2025. Unless a further amendment is introduced, the requirements will enter into force after two previous postponements.
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Multi-stage type approval
1 July 2025: A New Regulatory Period for Commercial Transport
Amendments to the Highway Traffic Regulation and AİTM taking effect on 1 July 2025 introduce new requirements for commercial transport vehicles…
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GSR II and UNECE
AİTM Series Installation Certification: Process and Key Considerations
The AİTM series installation certification process defines the technical and administrative steps required under the 2025 TSE directive for installing camera and vehicle tracking systems…
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GSR II and UNECE
GSR II Testing and Reporting for AİTM Projects
Ensure that GSR II testing and reporting are properly addressed in AİTM projects. For individual or series modification projects conducted under AİTM, GSR II…
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GSR II and UNECE
How Can an M2-Category Opel Movano Meet GSR II Series Modification Requirements?
How can series modification type approval for the Opel Movano be aligned with GSR II? The transition of Opel Movano vehicles to the new requirements…
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GSR II and UNECE
How Is GSR II-Compliant Series Modification Approval Obtained for an M2 Citroën Jumper?
Our detailed guidance for manufacturers on the GSR II transition of M2-category Citroën Jumper vehicles is now available. Vehicles converted to category M2…
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GSR II and UNECE
What Is Required for GSR II Series Modification of a Peugeot Boxer?
Our detailed guidance for manufacturers on the Peugeot Boxer GSR II transition is now available. Peugeot Boxer vehicles converted to category M2…
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Reading paths
Where Should You Start?
Starting point
New to Type Approval
A clear introduction to type approval, the value of an approval and the first steps in the process.
Starting point
For Companies Entering the EU Market
A starting point focused on EU legislation, certificates of conformity and digital compliance processes.
Starting point
Caravan and Trailer Manufacturers
Vehicle classification, registration and approval guidance for caravan, trailer and light-trailer projects.
Starting point
GSR II and cybersecurity
A structured reading path covering GSR II, UNECE R155 and new vehicle-safety systems.
Starting point
eCoC and Digital Transformation
Articles on the digitalisation of certificates of conformity and the management of vehicle data.
Related services
Our areas of expertise
10 articles
EU type approval
Vehicle and component compliance processes for access to the EU market.
8 articles Series-production type approvalSeries production, technical documentation and type-approval preparation for manufacturers.
5 articles Multi-stage type approvalMulti-stage approval for bodywork, second-stage manufacturing and conversion projects.
8 articles Series Modification Approval in Türkiye: Scope and Technical FileTechnical guidance on series modifications, vehicle conversions and project conformity.
5 articles COP: Conformity of Production Preparation and AssessmentCore guidance on conformity of production and ongoing compliance audits.
14 articles What Is GSR II? Vehicle Scope, Safety Systems and Type ApprovalThe transition to new safety requirements and their impact on vehicle systems.
1 article UNECE R155The relationship between cybersecurity management systems and second-stage type approval.
4 articles eCoCElectronic certificates of conformity and digital document management.
Curated reading list
Most Read
- 01What Is an Electronic Certificate of Conformity (eCoC) and How Is It Created?3 min
- 02What Is GSR II? Vehicle Scope, Safety Systems and Type Approval2 min
- 03COP: Conformity of Production Preparation and Assessment2 min
- 04What Is Homologation? Type Approval, Tests and Responsibilities2 min
- 05O1 and O2 caravan type approval: process and documents3 min
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